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【作者】陶渊明【朝代】魏晋

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昔欲居南村，非为卜其宅。
闻多素心人，乐与数晨夕。
怀此颇有年，今日从兹役。
敝庐何必广，取足蔽床席。
邻曲时时来，抗言谈在昔。
奇文共欣赏，疑义相与析。
春秋多佳日，登高赋新诗。
过门更相呼，有酒斟酌之。
农务各自归，闲暇辄相思。
相思则披衣，言笑无厌时。
此理将不胜？无为忽去兹。
衣食当须纪，力耕不吾欺。

标签:

友情田园情感场景生活

译文注释

从前想移居住到南村来，不是为了要挑什么好宅院；
听说这里住着许多纯朴的人，愿意同他们度过每一个早晚。
这个念头已经有了好多年，今天才算把这件大事办完。
简朴的屋子何必求大，只要够摆床铺就能心安。
邻居朋友经常来我这里，谈谈过去的事情，人人畅所欲言；
见有好文章大家一同欣赏，遇到疑难处大家一同钻研。

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释

⑴南村：各家对“南村”的解释不同，丁福保认为在浔阳城（今江西九江）下（见《陶渊明诗笺注》）。卜宅：占卜问宅之吉凶。这两句是说从前想迁居南村，并不是因为那里的宅地好。
⑵素心人：指心性纯洁善良的人。李公焕注云：“指颜延年、殷景仁、庞通之辈。”庞通，名遵，即《怨诗楚调示庞主簿邓治中》之庞主簿。数：屡。晨夕：朝夕相见。这两句是说听说南村有很多朴素的人，自己乐意和他们朝夕共处。
⑶怀此：抱着移居南村这个愿望。颇有年：已经有很多年了。兹役：这种活动，指移居。从兹役：顺从心愿。这两句是说多年来怀有移居南村的心愿，今天终于实现了。
⑷蔽庐：破旧的房屋。何必广：何须求宽大。蔽床席：遮蔽床和席子。取足床席：能够放一张床一条席子就可取了。
⑸邻曲：邻居，指颜延之、殷景仁、庞通等，即所谓“索心人”。据他的《与殷晋安别》诗云：“去岁家南里，薄作少时邻。”可见殷景仁当时曾是他的邻居。抗：同亢，高的意思。抗言：抗直之言，高谈阔论或高尚其志的言论。在昔：指往事。这两句是说邻居经常来访，来后便高谈阔论往事。
⑹析：剖析文义。魏晋人喜欢辩难析理，如《晋春秋》记载：“谢安优游山水，以敷文析理自娱。”陶渊明也不免有这种爱好。所谓析义，主要是一种哲学理趣，与一般分析句子的含义不同。这两句是说共同欣赏奇文，一起剖析疑难文义的理趣。
⑺“春秋”两句：大意是说春秋多晴朗天气，恰好登高赋诗。
⑻斟：盛酒于勺。酌：盛酒于觞。斟酌：倒酒而饮，劝人饮酒的意思。这两句是说邻人间互相招呼饮酒。
⑼农务：农活儿。辄（zhé）：就。相思：互相怀念。这两句是说有农活儿时各自回去耕作，有余暇时便彼此想念。
⑽披衣：披上衣服，指去找人谈心。厌：满足。
⑾此理：指与邻里过从畅谈欢饮之乐。理：义蕴。将：岂。将不胜：岂不美。兹：这些，指上句“此理”。这两句是说，这种邻里之间过从之乐岂不比什么都美？不要忽然抛弃这种做法。
⑿纪：经营。这两句语意一转，认为与友人谈心固然好，但应当自食其力，努力耕作必有收获。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

其一第一首写移居求友的初衷，邻里过往的快乐。吟味全，每四句是一个层次。
前四句：“昔欲居南村，非为卜其宅。闻多素心人，乐与数晨夕。”追溯往事，以“昔”字领起，将移居和求友联系起来，因事见意，重在“乐”字。古人迷信，移居选宅先卜算，问凶吉，宅地吉利才移居，凶险则不移居。但也有如古谚所云：“非宅是卜，惟邻是卜。”（《左传·昭公三年》）移居者不在乎宅地之吉凶，而在乎邻里之善恶。诗人用其意，表明自己早就向往南村，卜宅不为风水吉利，而为求友共乐。三、四两句，补足卜居的心情。诗人听说南村多有本心质素的人，很愿意和他们一同度日，共处晨... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

陶渊明（约365年—427年），字元亮，（又一说名潜，字渊明）号五柳先生，私谥“靖节”，东晋末期南朝宋初期诗人、文学家、辞赋家、散文家。汉族，东晋浔阳柴桑人（今江西九江）。曾做过几年小官，后因厌烦官场辞官回家，从此隐居，田园生活是陶渊明诗的主要题材，相关作品有《饮酒》《归园田居》《桃花源记》《五柳先生传》《归去来兮辞》等。百科详情>>

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