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【作者】吴伟业【朝代】清

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bà

霸

yuè

越

wáng

亡

wú

吴

jì

计

yǐ

已

xíng

行

，

lùn

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功

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何

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物

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倾

chéng

城

？

xī

西

shī

施

yì

亦

yǒu

有

gōng

弓

cáng

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，

bù

不

dú

独

chī

鸱

yí

夷

biàn

变

xìng

姓

míng

名

。

霸越亡吴计已行，论功何物赏倾城？西施亦有弓藏惧，不独鸱夷变姓名。

标签:

写人怀古

注释

①此 1653年（顺治十年）癸巳作，为《戏题仕女图》十一首中第一首。诗题取自诗句“西子下姑苏，一舸逐鸱夷”，咏西施随范蠡乘船隐居事。舸（ge）：船。
②倾城：始见于《诗经·大雅·瞻印》：“哲夫成城，哲妇倾城。”言女色之害足以倾城覆邦国。后多用“倾城”二字称誉美人。此称西施。
③弓藏：比喻功臣受害。《史记·勾践世家》载越王胜利后，诸侯毕贺，号称大王。范蠡遂去（离开），自齐遗大夫（文）种书曰：“ 飞鸟尽，良弓藏；狡兔死，走狗烹。越王为人长颈鸟喙，可与共患难，不可与共乐。子何不去？”文种不听劝，终为越王害死。
④鸱（chi）夷：原意为皮制的袋。此处指范蠡的别号。《史记·货殖列传》：“范蠡既雪会稽之耻，……乃乘扁舟，浮于江湖，变名易姓，适齐，为鸱夷子皮。”

来源：古诗文网

赏析

历代咏西施的，或将她视为以色媚主，使吴王招致亡国杀身之祸的“尤物”，或将她视为灭吴的第一功臣。这首诗却别出新意，揭露了统治者擅权负义的丑恶行径，称颂了西施的远见卓识。据《吴越春秋》记载，越王勾践为吴王夫差战败被俘后，范蠡用美人计，献西施于吴王，让吴王放越王回国，并使吴王沉湎于酒色，不理朝政。勾践卧薪尝胆，“十年生聚，十年教训”，终得以灭吴，重建霸业。
首句“计已行”三字，肯定了这一策略已获成功。毫无疑问，西施在实现“霸越亡吴”的谋略方面功不可没，越国对她本该论功行赏。
第二句诗也肯定了西施的功绩，同时又故意设问启... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

吴伟业（1609～1672）字骏公，号梅村，别署鹿樵生、灌隐主人、大云道人，世居江苏昆山，祖父始迁江苏太仓，汉族，江苏太仓人，崇祯进士。明末清初著名诗人，与钱谦益、龚鼎孳并称“江左三大家”，又为娄东诗派开创者。长于七言歌行，初学“长庆体”，后自成新吟，后人称之为“梅村体”。百科详情>>

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