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南乡子·登京口北固亭有怀

【作者】辛弃疾【朝代】宋

译文

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何处望神州？满眼风光北固楼。千古兴亡多少事？悠悠。不尽长江滚滚流。

什么地方可以看见中原呢？在北固楼上，满眼都是美好的风光。从古到今，有多少国家兴亡大事呢？不知道。往事连绵不断，如同没有尽头的长江水滚滚地奔流不息。

年少万兜鍪，坐断东南战未休。天下英雄谁敌手？曹刘。生子当如孙仲谋。

当年孙权在青年时代，做了三军统帅。他能占据东南，坚持抗战，没有向敌人低头和屈服过。天下英雄谁是孙权的敌手呢？只有曹操和刘备而已。生下的儿子就应当如孙权一般。

何处望神州？满眼风光北固楼。千古兴亡多少事？悠悠。不尽长江滚滚流。
年少万兜鍪，坐断东南战未休。天下英雄谁敌手？曹刘。生子当如孙仲谋。

标签:

爱国情感怀古咏史宋词三百首咏史怀古目的初中古诗典故豪放讽刺

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

什么地方可以看见中原呢？在北固楼上，满眼都是美好的风光。从古到今，有多少国家兴亡大事呢？不知道。往事连绵不断，如同没有尽头的长江水滚滚地奔流不息。当年孙权在青年时代，做了三军统帅。他能占据东南，坚持抗战，没有向敌人低头和屈服过。天下英雄谁是孙权的敌手呢？只有曹操和刘备而已。生下的儿子就应当如孙权一般。

︾查看更多︽收起更多

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

(1)南乡子：词牌名。

(2)京口：今江苏省镇江市。

(3)北固亭：在今镇江市北固山上，下临长江，三面环水。

(4)望：眺望。

(5)神州：这里指中原地区。

(6)北固楼：即北固亭。

(7)兴亡：指国家兴衰，朝代更替。

(8)悠悠：形容漫长、久远。

(9)年少：年轻。指孙权十九岁继父兄之业统治江东。

(10)兜鍪（dōu móu）：指千军万马。原指古代作战时兵士所带的头盔，这里代指士兵。

(11)坐断：坐镇，占据，割据。

(12)东南：指吴国在三国时地处东南方。

(13)休：停止。

(14)敌手：能力相当的对手。

(15)曹刘：指曹操与刘备。

(16)生子当如孙仲谋：曹操率领大军南下，见孙权的军队雄壮威武，喟然而叹：“生子当如孙仲谋，刘景升儿子若豚犬耳。”仲谋，孙权的字。

来源：古诗文网

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

此词通过对古代英雄人物的歌颂，表达了作者渴望像古代英雄人物那样金戈铁马，收复旧山河，为国效力的壮烈情怀，饱含着浓浓的爱国思想，但也流露出作者报国无门的无限感慨，蕴含着对苟且偷安、毫无振作的南宋朝廷的愤懑之情。全词写景、抒情、议论密切结合；融化古人语言入词，活用典故成语；通篇三问三答，层次分明，互相呼应；即景抒情，借古讽今；风格明快，气魄阔大，情调乐观昂扬。词以一个问句开始，词人写道：“何处望神州。”“神州”指中原地区。“兴亡”指国家兴衰，朝代更替。这里的“神州”是词人心中不忘的中原地区，是他一生都想收复的地方。接着写道：“满眼风光北固楼。” “北固楼”在今镇江市北固山上，下临长江。词人登上北固亭以望神州，看到的却是北固楼的优美风光。然而，那时候却是山河破碎，国家处于风雨飘摇之中，这对于爱国诗人来说，触景生情，心念家国，哪里有兴致去欣赏美景。词人接着说： “千古兴亡多少事？”这是一句问话。词人禁不住发问，从古到今，到底有多少国家兴亡大事呢？往事悠悠，是非成败已成陈迹，只有这无尽的江水依旧滚滚东流。“悠悠”形容漫长、久远。这里，叠词的运用，不仅暗示了时间之慢，而且也表现了词人心中无尽的愁思和感慨。接着的“不尽长江滚滚流”句，词人借用杜甫的“无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来”意境，不但写出了江水奔腾而去的雄壮气势，还把由此而产生的空间感、历史感都形象地表达出来。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

此词约作于宋宁宗嘉泰四年（公元1204年）或开禧元年（公元1205年），当时辛弃疾在镇江知府任上。嘉泰三年（1203）六月末，辛弃疾被起用为绍兴知府兼浙东安抚使后不久，即第二年三月，改派到镇江去做知府。镇江，在历史上曾是英雄用武和建功立业之地，此时成了与金人对垒的第二道防线。每当他登临京口（即镇江）北固亭时，触景生情，不胜感慨系之。这首词就是在这一背景下写成的。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

题目《南乡子•登京口北固亭有怀》中的“有怀”的意思是？答：有感而发、有感想

运用典故是这首词的一大特色，作者在用典中提到了哪三位历史人物？答：曹操或曹孟德；刘备或刘玄德；孙权或孙仲谋

这是一首怀古咏志之作，作者采用三问三答来结构全篇，你从这三问三答中读出作者怎样的情感？答：读出了作者渴望建功立业（收复失地）的壮志；同时也暗含年华老去、报国无门的愤懑；以及对统治者偏安江南、不思复国的慨叹。

赏析相关内容

收回遥望的视线，看这北固楼近处的风物：“千古江山，英雄无觅，孙仲谋处。舞榭歌台，风流总被，雨打风吹去。”（《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》）这不禁引起了词人千古兴亡之感。因此，词人接下来再问一句：“千古兴亡多少事？”这句问语纵观千古成败，意味深长，回味无穷。然而，往事悠悠，英雄往矣，只有这无尽的江水依旧滚滚东流。“悠悠，不尽长江滚滚流！”“悠悠”者，兼指时间之漫长久远，和词人思绪之无穷也。 “不尽长江滚滚流”，借用杜甫《登高》句：“无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。”词人胸中倒来倒去的不尽愁思和感慨，犹如长流不息的江水。“年少万兜鍪，坐... 古诗文网>>

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作者：佚名

　　辛弃疾在公元1203年（宋宁宗嘉泰三年）六月末被起用为绍兴知府兼浙东安抚使后不久，即第二年阳春三月，改派到镇江去做知府。镇江，在历史上曾是英... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

辛弃疾（1140－1207），南宋词人。原字坦夫，改字幼安，别号稼轩，汉族，历城人。出生时，中原已为金兵所占。21岁参加抗金义军，不久归南宋。历任湖北、江西、湖南、福建、浙东安抚使等职。一生力主抗金。曾上《美芹十论》与《九议》，条陈战守之策。其词抒写力图恢复国家统一的爱国热情，倾诉壮志难酬的悲愤，对当时执政者的屈辱求和颇多谴责；也有不少吟咏祖国河山的作品。题材广阔又善化用前人典故入词，风格沉雄豪迈又不乏细腻柔媚之处。由于辛弃疾的抗金主张与当政的主和派政见不合，后被弹劾落职，退隐江西带湖。百科详情>>

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南乡子·登京口北固亭有怀

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