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山有枢

【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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shān

山

yǒu

有

shū

枢

，

xí

隰

yǒu

有

yú

榆

。

子

yǒu

有

yī

衣

shang

裳

，

fú

弗

yè

曳

fú

弗

lóu

娄

。

子

yǒu

有

chē

车

mǎ

马

，

fú

弗

chí

驰

fú

弗

qū

驱

。

wǎn

宛

qí

其

sǐ

死

yǐ

矣

，

tā

他

rén

人

shì

是

yú

愉

。

shān

山

yǒu

有

kǎo

栲

，

xí

隰

yǒu

有

chǒu

杻

。

子

yǒu

有

tíng

廷

nèi

内

，

fú

弗

sǎ

洒

fú

弗

sǎo

扫

。

子

yǒu

有

zhōng

钟

gǔ

鼓

，

fú

弗

gǔ

鼓

fú

弗

kǎo

考

。

wǎn

宛

qí

其

sǐ

死

yǐ

矣

，

tā

他

rén

人

shì

是

bǎo

保

。

shān

山

yǒu

有

qī

漆

，

xí

隰

yǒu

有

lì

栗

。

子

yǒu

有

jiǔ

酒

shí

食

，

hé

何

bù

不

rì

日

gǔ

鼓

sè

瑟

？

qiě

且

yǐ

以

xǐ

喜

lè

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，

qiě

且

yǐ

以

yǒng

永

rì

日

。

wǎn

宛

qí

其

sǐ

死

yǐ

矣

，

tā

他

rén

人

rù

入

shì

室

。

山有枢，隰有榆。子有衣裳，弗曳弗娄。子有车马，弗驰弗驱。宛其死矣，他人是愉。
山有栲，隰有杻。子有廷内，弗洒弗扫。子有钟鼓，弗鼓弗考。宛其死矣，他人是保。
山有漆，隰有栗。子有酒食，何不日鼓瑟？且以喜乐，且以永日。宛其死矣，他人入室。

标签:

情感怨刺诗经

译文注释

山坡上面有刺榆，洼地中间白榆长。你有上衣和下裳，不穿不戴箱里装。你有车子又有马，不驾不骑放一旁。一朝不幸离人世，别人享受心舒畅。
　　山上长有臭椿树，菩提树在低洼处。你有庭院和房屋，不洒水来不扫除。你家有钟又有鼓，不敲不打等于无。一朝不幸离人世，别人占有心舒服。
　　山坡上面有漆树，低洼地里生榛栗。你有美酒和佳肴，怎不日日奏乐器。且用它来寻欢喜，且用它来度时日。一朝不幸离人世，别人得意进你室。

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译文注释

1、枢（舒shū）、榆（余yú）、栲（考kǎo）、杻（扭niǔ）：皆为树木名。
2、《集传》：“枢，荎（池chí），今刺榆也。”陈藏器《本草拾遗》：“《》之枢，即刺榆；《诗》之榆，即大榆，白榆。”
3、曳（叶yè）：拖。娄：即“搂”，用手把衣服拢着提起来。《正义》：“曳娄俱是着衣之事。”
4、宛：通“菀”，萎死貌。
5、《毛传》：“栲，山樗（初chū，臭椿）。杻，檍（亿yì）也。”《传疏》：“山樗与樗不同。……叶如栎木，皮厚数寸，可为车幅，或谓之栲栎。”
6、廷：指宫室。
7、埽（扫sào）：通“扫”。
8、考：敲。
9、保：占有。
10、永：《集传》：“永，长也。……饮食作乐，可以永长此日也。”

来源：古诗文网

赏析

关于这首诗的主题，《毛诗序》认为是讽刺晋昭公，说晋昭公“不能修道以正其国，有财不能用，有钟鼓不能以自乐，有朝廷不能洒埽，政荒民散，将以危亡，四邻谋取其国家而不知，国人作诗以刺之也”。这一说法毫无史实根据，不足为信。从诗歌本身来考察，认为它该是嘲讽一个守财奴式的贵族统治者的作品，郝懿行《诗问》云：“《山有枢》，风（讽）吝啬也。”可谓一语破的。也有人以为这首诗是“刺俭而不中礼”之作（如季本《诗说解颐》、方玉润《诗经原始》），这与“讽吝啬”说相去不远，但似较拘牵，不及前一说那么圆通无碍。至于朱熹《诗集传》认为此诗为答前篇《蟋蟀》之作，... 古诗文网>>

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