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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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fēn

雰

fēn

雰

，

yì

益

zhī

之

yǐ

以

mài

霡

mù

霂

。

jì

既

yōu

优

jì

既

wò

渥

，

jì

既

zhān

沾

jì

既

zú

足

。

shēng

生

wǒ

我

bǎi

百

gǔ

谷

。

jiāng

疆

yì

埸

yì

翼

yì

翼

，

shǔ

黍

jì

稷

yù

彧

yù

彧

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

zhī

之

sè

穑

，

yǐ

以

wéi

为

jiǔ

酒

shí

食

。

bì

畀

wǒ

我

shī

尸

bīn

宾

，

shòu

寿

kǎo

考

wàn

万

nián

年

。

zhōng

中

tián

田

yǒu

有

lú

庐

，

jiāng

疆

yì

埸

yǒu

有

guā

瓜

。

shì

是

bō

剥

shì

是

jū

菹

，

xiàn

献

zhī

之

huáng

皇

zǔ

祖

。

zēng

曾

sūn

孙

shòu

寿

kǎo

考

，

shòu

受

tiān

天

zhī

之

hù

祜

。

jì

祭

yǐ

以

qīng

清

jiǔ

酒

，

cóng

从

yǐ

以

xīng

骍

mǔ

牡

，

xiǎng

享

yú

于

zǔ

祖

kǎo

考

。

zhí

执

qí

其

luán

鸾

dāo

刀

，

yǐ

以

qǐ

启

qí

其

máo

毛

，

qǔ

取

qí

其

xuè

血

liáo

膋

。

shì

是

zhēng

烝

shì

是

xiǎng

享

，

bì

苾

bì

苾

fēn

芬

fēn

芬

。

sì

祀

shì

事

kǒng

孔

míng

明

，

xiān

先

zǔ

祖

shì

是

huáng

皇

。

bào

报

yǐ

以

jiè

介

fú

福

。

wàn

万

shòu

寿

wú

无

jiāng

疆

。

信彼南山，维禹甸之。畇畇原隰，曾孙田之。我疆我理，南东其亩。
上天同云。雨雪雰雰，益之以霡霂。既优既渥，既沾既足。生我百谷。
疆埸翼翼，黍稷彧彧。曾孙之穑，以为酒食。畀我尸宾，寿考万年。
中田有庐，疆埸有瓜。是剥是菹，献之皇祖。曾孙寿考，受天之祜。
祭以清酒，从以骍牡，享于祖考。执其鸾刀，以启其毛，取其血膋。
是烝是享，苾苾芬芬。祀事孔明，先祖是皇。报以介福。万寿无疆。

标签:

诗经场景田园

译文注释

终南山山势绵延不断，这里是大禹所辟地盘。成片的原野平展整齐，后代子孙们在此垦田。划分地界又开掘沟渠，田陇纵横向四方伸展。
　　冬日的阴云密布天上，那雪花坠落纷纷扬扬。再加上细雨溟溟濛濛，那水分如此丰沛足量，滋润大地并沾溉四方，让我们庄稼蓬勃生长。
　　田地的疆界齐齐整整，小米高粱多茁壮茂盛。子孙们如今获得丰收，酒食用谷物制作而成。可奉献神尸款待宾朋，愿神灵保佑赐我长生。
　　大田中间有居住房屋，田埂边长着瓜果菜蔬。削皮切块腌渍成咸菜，去奉献给伟大的先祖。他们的后代福寿无疆，都是依赖上天的佑护。
　　祭坛上满杯清酒倾倒，再供奉公牛色红如枣，先祖灵前将祭品献好。操起缀有金铃的鸾刀，剥开牺牲公牛的皮毛，取出它的鲜血和脂膏。
　　于是进行冬祭献祭品，它们散发出阵阵芳馨。仪式庄重而有条不紊，列祖列宗们欣然驾临。愿赐以宏福万寿无疆，以此回报子孙的孝心。

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译文注释

（1）信（shēn）：即“伸”，延伸。南山：即终南山，在陕西西安南。
（2）维：是。禹：大禹。甸：治理。
（3）畇（yún）：平整田地。畇畇，土地经垦辟后的平展整齐貌。原隰：泛指全部田地。原，广平或高平之地；隰（xí），低湿之地。
（4）曾孙：后代子孙。朱熹《集传》：“曾，重也。自曾祖以至无穷，皆得称之也。”相当于《楚茨》中所称“孝孙”，故又作为主祭者之代称。田：垦治田地。
（5）疆：田界，此处用作动词，划田界。理：田中的沟陇，此处亦用作动词。疆指划定大的田界，理则细分其地亩。
（6）南东：用作动词，指将田陇开辟成南北向或东西向。
（7）上天：冬季的天空。《尔雅·释天》：“冬曰上天。”同云：天空布满阴云，浑然一色。
（8）雨雪：下雪，“雨”作动词，降落。雰雰：纷纷。
（9）益：加上。霢霂（mài mù）：小雨。
（10）优：充足。渥：湿润。
（11）沾：沾湿。
（12）埸（yì）：田界。翼翼：整齐貌。
（13）彧（yù）彧：同“郁郁”，茂盛貌。
（14）穑：收获庄稼。
（15）畀（bì）：给予。
（16）庐：房屋。一说“芦”之假借，即芦菔，今称萝卜。
（17）菹（zū）：腌菜。
（18）皇祖：先祖之美称。
（19）祜（hù）：福。
（20）骍（xīn）：赤黄色（栗色）的马或牛。牡：雄性兽，此指公牛。
（21）鸾刀：带铃的刀。
（22）膋（liáo）：脂膏，此指牛油。
（23）苾（bì）：浓香。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

烝祭是一年的农事完毕以后的最后一次祭典，周人以农立国，奉播植百谷的农神后稷为始祖，那么在这年终的祭歌中着力歌唱农事，也就是很自然的事了。《毛序》称：“《信南山》，刺幽王也。不能修成王之业，疆理天下，以奉禹功，故君子思古焉。”此序与《楚茨》的诗序一样，都属牵强附会之说。姚际恒评此诗曰：“上篇（按指《楚茨》）铺叙闳整，叙事详密；此篇则稍略而加以跌荡，多闲情别致，格调又自不同。”（《诗经通论》）概括颇当。
此诗对于研究古代的井田制也有参考价值。井田之制因其年代久远，难以稽考，后世众说纷纭，莫衷一是，此诗则提供若干讯息。诗首章言... 古诗文网>>

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