减字木兰花·刘郎已老

【作者】朱敦儒【朝代】宋

拼音

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刘郎已老。不管桃花依旧笑。要听琵琶。重院莺啼觅谢家。
曲终人醉。多似浔阳江上泪。万里东风。国破山河落照红。

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赏析

古人在接近中年时，如果处境不利，遇上不顺心的事，便自觉老了。谢安有中年哀乐之感，所以袁枚称谢安“能支江左偏安局，难遣中年以后情”苏轼的《江城子·密州出猎》是在宋神宗熙宁八年（1075）写的，时年三十九岁，就在词中自称“老夫”。因苏轼当时外放山东密州，仕途不利，心情郁闷朱敦儒生于宋神宗元丰四年（1081）。宋室南渡是在钦宗靖康二年（1127），朱敦儒年四十六岁。这首词是南渡以后的作品，作于朱敦儒四十六岁以后，故起笔便自叹“刘郎已老，不管桃花依旧笑”。这里暗用两个典故。中唐人刘禹锡《元和十年自朗州至京戏赠看花诸君子》诗中有“玄都观里... 古诗文网>>

这首小令是作者少有的用典佳作。化他人之典，自然贴切，如同己出，实为妙笔。词的开头两句用了两个典故。首句用唐诗人刘禹锡《重游玄都观》诗中的“前度刘郎今又来”的“刘郎”自谓。当年刘禹锡写这首诗，是在两次被贬南方之后，已经步入老年，有许多感慨。而朱敦儒写这首词也是在南渡之后，也老了，同有刘郎已老、暗伤怀抱之意。次句是用唐诗人崔护《题都城南庄》诗中的：“桃花依旧笑春风”。这个典故，在词里多次出现过，例如晏几道《御街行》的：“落花犹在，香屏空掩，人面知何处？”这是改用。袁去华《瑞鹤仙》的：“他年重到，人面桃花在否？”这是实用。而朱敦... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

朱敦儒（1081－1159），字希真，洛阳人。历兵部郎中、临安府通判、秘书郎、都官员外郎、两浙东路提点刑狱，致仕，居嘉禾。绍兴二十九年（1159）卒。有词三卷，名《樵歌》。朱敦儒获得“词俊”之名，与“诗俊”陈与义等并称为“洛中八俊” （楼钥《跋朱岩壑鹤赋及送闾丘使君诗》）百科详情>>

减字木兰花·刘郎已老

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