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杜陵叟

【作者】白居易【朝代】唐

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dù

杜

líng

陵

sǒu

叟

，

dù

杜

líng

陵

jū

居

，

suì

岁

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死

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hé

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jí

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nüè

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bù

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xū

虚

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wú

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jūn

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juān

蠲

miǎn

免

ēn

恩

。

杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷馀。三月无雨旱风起，
麦苗不秀多黄死。九月降霜秋早寒，禾穗未熟皆青干。
长吏明知不申破，急敛暴征求考课。典桑卖地纳官租，
明年衣食将何如。剥我身上帛，夺我口中粟。
虐人害物即豺狼，何必钩爪锯牙食人肉。不知何人奏皇帝，
帝心恻隐知人弊。白麻纸上书德音，京畿尽放今年税。
昨日里胥方到门，手持尺牒榜乡村。十家租税九家毕，
虚受吾君蠲免恩。

标签:

人物农民忧国忧民生活乐府

译文注释

杜陵老头居住在杜陵，每年种了贫瘠的田地一顷多。
三月份没有雨刮着旱风，麦苗不开花不多枯黄死。
九月份降霜秋天寒冷早，禾穗没熟都已经干枯。
官吏明明知道但不报告真相，急迫收租、凶暴征税以求通过考核得奖赏。
典当桑园、出卖田地来缴纳官府规定的租税，明年的衣食将怎么办？
剥去我们身上的衣服，夺掉我们口中的粮食。
虐害人伤害物的就是豺狼，何必爪牙象钩、牙齿象锯一样地吃人肉！
不知什么人报告了皇帝，皇帝心中怜悯、了解人们的困苦。
白麻纸上书写着施恩布德的诏令，京城附近全部免除今年的租税。
昨天里长才到门口来，手里拿着公文张贴在乡村中。
十家缴纳的租税九家已送完，白白地受了我们君王免除租税的恩惠。

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译文注释

叟：年老的男人。
薄田：贫瘠的田地。
考课：古代指考查政绩。
帛：丝织品。
粟：小米，也泛指谷类。
恻隐：见人遭遇不幸而心有所不忍。即同情。
弊：衰落；疲惫。
京畿（jī）：国都及其行政官署所辖地区。
里胥：古代指地方上的一里之长，负责管理事务。
方：才，刚刚。
牒（dié）：文书。
蠲（juān）：除去，免除。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

“杜陵叟，杜陵居，岁种薄田一顷岁。”杜陵，地名，即汉宣帝陵，在今陕西省西安市东南的少陵原上。白居易这首新乐府诗的主角是一位家住在长安市郊的土生土长的农民，他世世代代以种地为业，守着一顷多的薄田，过着衣食不继的日子。中国文人的诗歌中，少不了风花雪月，也有的是闲情雅致，但是有意识地不但以农民作为作品的主人公，而且真正站在劳苦大众的立场上，为他们鸣冤叫屈、打抱不平的作品，还是不多见的。在这一点上，白居易可以说是做得非常突出的一位了。他所以能够在诗歌中大声疾呼地为民请命，并不是想在题材上猎奇出新，而是源于他对朝廷政治前景和国计民生的高度... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

白居易（772～846），字乐天，晚年号香山居士，又号醉吟先生，河南新郑（今河南郑州新郑市）人，是我国唐代伟大的现实主义诗人，唐代三大诗人之一。唐代宗大历七年（772年）正月，白居易出生于郑州新郑东郭宅（今新郑市东郭寺村）。白氏祖籍山西太原，白居易本人就出生于河南新郑。卒后葬于河南洛阳，白居易故居纪念馆坐落于洛阳市郊，白园（白居易墓）坐落在洛阳城南香山的琵琶峰。白居易的诗歌题材广泛，形式多样，语言平易通俗，有“诗魔”和“诗王”之称。官至刑部尚书。有《白氏长庆集》传世，代表诗作有《长恨歌》、《卖炭翁》、《琵琶行》等。新乐府运动倡导者，主张“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”与元稹交好并称元白，晚年多与刘禹锡酬唱并称刘白。百科详情>>

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