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【作者】佚名【朝代】先秦

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民

？

gǒu

苟

wú

无

mín

民

，

hé

何

yǐ

以

yǒu

有

jūn

君

？

gù

故

yǒu

有

shě

舍

běn

本

ér

而

wèn

问

mò

末

zhě

者

yé

耶

？”

nǎi

乃

jìn

进

ér

而

wèn

问

zhī

之

yuē

曰

：“

qí

齐

yǒu

有

chǔ

处

shì

士

yuē

曰

zhōng

锺

lí

离

子

，

wú

无

yàng

恙

yé

耶

？

shì

是

qí

其

wéi

为

rén

人

yě

也

，

yǒu

有

liáng

粮

zhě

者

yì

亦

shí

食

，

wú

无

liáng

粮

zhě

者

yì

亦

shí

食

；

yǒu

有

yī

衣

zhě

者

yì

亦

yī

衣

，

wú

无

yī

衣

zhě

者

yì

亦

yī

衣

。

shì

是

zhù

助

wáng

王

yǎng

养

qí

其

mín

民

yě

也

，

hé

何

yǐ

以

zhì

至

jīn

今

bù

不

yè

业

yě

也

？

yè

叶

yáng

阳

子

wú

无

yàng

恙

hū

乎

？

shì

是

qí

其

wéi

为

rén

人

，

āi

哀

guān

鳏

guǎ

寡

，

xù

恤

gū

孤

dú

独

，

zhèn

振

kùn

困

qióng

穷

，

bǔ

补

bù

不

zú

足

。

shì

是

zhù

助

wáng

王

xī

息

qí

其

mín

民

zhě

者

yě

也

，

hé

何

yǐ

以

zhì

至

jīn

今

bù

不

yè

业

yě

也

？

běi

北

gōng

宫

zhī

之

nǚ

女

yīng

婴

ér

儿

子

wú

无

yàng

恙

yé

耶

？

chè

彻

qí

其

huán

环

zhèn

瑱

，

zhì

至

lǎo

老

bù

不

jià

嫁

，

yǐ

以

yǎng

养

fù

父

mǔ

母

。

shì

是

jiē

皆

lǜ

率

mín

民

ér

而

chū

出

yú

于

xiào

孝

qíng

情

zhě

者

yě

也

，

hú

胡

wèi

为

zhì

至

jīn

今

bù

不

cháo

朝

yě

也

？

cǐ

此

èr

二

shì

士

fú

弗

yè

业

，

yī

一

nǚ

女

bù

不

cháo

朝

，

hé

何

yǐ

以

wáng

王

qí

齐

guó

国

，

子

wàn

万

mín

民

hū

乎

？

yú

於

líng

陵

子

zhòng

仲

shàng

尚

cún

存

hū

乎

？

shì

是

qí

其

wéi

为

rén

人

yě

也

，

shàng

上

bù

不

chén

臣

yú

于

wáng

王

，

xià

下

bù

不

zhì

治

qí

其

jiā

家

，

zhōng

中

bù

不

suǒ

索

jiāo

交

zhū

诸

hóu

侯

。

cǐ

此

lǜ

率

mín

民

ér

而

chū

出

yú

于

wú

无

yòng

用

zhě

者

，

hé

何

wèi

为

zhì

至

jīn

今

bù

不

shā

杀

hū

乎

？”

齐王使使者问赵威后。书未发，威后问使者曰：“岁亦无恙邪？民亦无恙邪？王亦无恙邪？”使者不说，曰：“臣奉使使威后，今不问王而先问岁与民，岂先贱而后尊贵者乎？”威后曰：“不然，苟无岁，何以有民？苟无民，何以有君？故有舍本而问末者耶？”
乃进而问之曰：“齐有处士曰锺离子，无恙耶？是其为人也，有粮者亦食，无粮者亦食；有衣者亦衣，无衣者亦衣。是助王养其民也，何以至今不业也？叶阳子无恙乎？是其为人，哀鳏寡，恤孤独，振困穷，补不足。是助王息其民者也，何以至今不业也？北宫之女婴儿子无恙耶？彻其环瑱，至老不嫁，以养父母。是皆率民而出于孝情者也，胡为至今不朝也？此二士弗业，一女不朝，何以王齐国，子万民乎？於陵子仲尚存乎？是其为人也，上不臣于王，下不治其家，中不索交诸侯。此率民而出于无用者，何为至今不杀乎？”

标签:

古文观止对话高中文言文忧国忧民文言文

译文注释

齐国国王派遣使者去问候赵威后，书信还没有启封，威后就问使者说：“今年的年成好吗？老百姓好吗？齐王好吗？”使者不高兴，说：“下臣奉齐王的使命，出使到威后这里来，现在您不问齐王，反而先问年成和百姓，岂不是把贱的放在前面，把尊贵的放在后面吗？”威后说：“不是这样。假如没有收成，哪里有百姓？假如没有百姓，哪里有国君？因而有所问，能不问根本而问末节的吗？” 威后进而又问他说：“齐国有个处士叫钟离子，平安无事吗？这个人做人呀，有粮食的人给吃，没粮食的人也给吃；有衣服的人给穿，没有衣服的人也给穿。这是帮助国君抚养老百姓的人呀，为什么到今天不让他在位成就功业？叶阳子平安无事吗？这个人做人呀，怜悯那些无妻无夫的人，顾念抚恤那些无父无子的人，救济那些困苦贫穷的人，补助那些缺衣少食的人，这是帮助国君养育百姓的人，为什么到今天不让他在位成就功业？北宫氏的女子婴儿子平安无事吗？她摘掉耳环等装饰品，到老不嫁，来奉养父母。这是带领百姓尽孝心的人，为什么到今天还不让她上朝呢？这两个处士没有成就功业，一个孝女也不上朝，靠什么来统治齐国，做百姓的父母呢？於陵的那个子仲还在吗？这个人做人呀，对上不向国君称臣，对下不治理他的家，也不愿同诸侯交往，这是带领百姓无所作为的人，为什么到今天还不杀掉呢？

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赏析

这篇文章表现了赵威后的政治思想，同时也对齐国的政治状况有所批判。战国以前，民本思想已逐渐掘起。一些思想家、政治家都已意识到人民的作用，提出了诸如“民，神之主也”，“上思利民，忠也”等主张。这种思潮在战国时继续发展。孟子有“民贵君轻”一说，田于方、颜斶也有“士贵王不贵”的思想。赵威后提出“苟无岁，何有民？苟无民，何有君”的思想，是与历史上这一民本思潮相一致的。齐王使者问候赵威后，信函还没有拆开，威后就连续发问：“年成还好吧？百姓安乐吧？齐王安康吧？”她把收成放在第一位，因为“仓禀食而知礼节”，“国以民为本，民以食为天”。接着，她问... 古诗文网>>

赵威后问齐使

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