南安军

【作者】文天祥【朝代】宋

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梅花南北路，风雨湿征衣。
出岭同谁出？归乡如此归！
山河千古在，城郭一时非。
饿死真吾志，梦中行采薇。

标签:

爱国壮志

出自部编版九年级下《课外古诗词诵读》

《别云间》《朝天子·咏喇叭》《山坡羊·骊山怀古》《浣溪沙（身向云山那畔行）》《临江仙·夜登小楼，忆洛中旧游》《太常引·建康中秋夜为吕叔潜赋》《定风波（莫听穿林打叶声）》

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

由南往北走过大庾岭口，一路风雨打湿衣裳。
想到去南岭时有哪些同伴，回到家乡却身为俘囚。
祖国的河山千年万世永存，城郭只是暂时落入敌手。
绝食而死是我真正的意愿，梦中也学伯夷叔齐，吃野菜充饥等死。

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译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

梅花南北路：大庾岭上多植梅花，故名梅岭，南为广东南雄县，北为江西大庾县。
采薇：商末孤竹君之子伯夷、叔齐，当周武王伐纣时，二人扣马而谏，商亡，逃入首阳山，誓不食周粟，采薇而食，饿死。

来源：

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

《南安军》是南宋诗人文天祥创作的一首五言律诗。前两联叙述了行程中的地点和景色，以及作者的感慨，抒写了这次行程中的悲苦心情。颈联以祖国山河万世永存与城郭一时沦陷进行对比，突出诗人对恢复大宋江山的信念和对元人的蔑视。尾联表明自己的态度：决心饿死殉国，完成“首丘”之义的心愿。

译文注释讲解背景知识锦囊

帝昺祥兴二年（1279年），南宋最后一个据点厓山被元军攻陷，宋朝灭亡。文天祥在前一年被俘北行，于五月四日出大庚岭，经南安军（治所在今江西大庾）时写此诗。

译文注释讲解背景 知识锦囊

表现了诗人对大宋收复山河的信心以及对敌人的蔑视，同时也抒发了诗人在被俘时心中的悲苦。在全诗末句，诗人直抒胸臆，表达了自己“宁愿饿死，也不与元兵合作”的决心，表现出强烈的爱国感情。

赏析

一二两句略点行程中的地点和景色。作者至南安军，正跨越了大庾岭（梅岭）的南北两路。此处写梅花不是实景，而是因梅岭而说到梅花，借以和“风雨”对照，初步显示了行程中心情的沉重。梅岭的梅花在风雨中摇曳，濡湿了押着兵败后就擒、往大都受审的文天祥的兵丁的征衣，此时，一阵冰袭上了他的心头。
颔联两句，上句是说行程的孤单，而用问话的语气写出，显得分外沉痛。下句是说这次的北行，本来可以回到故乡庐陵，但身系拘囚，不能自由，虽经故乡而犹如不归。这两句抒写了这次行程中的悲苦心情，而两“出”字和两“归”字的重复对照，更使得声情激荡起来。
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作者介绍

文天祥（1236年6月6日－1283年1月9日），字履善，又字宋瑞，自号文山，浮休道人。汉族，吉州庐陵（今江西吉安县）人，南宋末大臣，文学家，民族英雄。宝祐四年（1256年）状元，官到右丞相兼枢密使。被派往元军的军营中谈判，被扣留。后脱险经高邮嵇庄到泰县塘湾，由南通南归，坚持抗元。祥光元年（1278年）兵败被张弘范俘虏，在狱中坚持斗争三年多，后在柴市从容就义。著有《过零丁洋》《文山诗集》《指南录》《指南后录》《正气歌》等。百科详情>>

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