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纪南陵题五松山

【作者】李白【朝代】唐

拼音

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圣

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jiù

就

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情

。

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juān

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庖

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皇

jí

极

。

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gōng

宫

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放

tài

太

jiǎ

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shè

摄

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wú

无

kuì

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sè

色

。

sān

三

nián

年

dì

帝

dào

道

míng

明

，

wěi

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终

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辅

yì

翼

。

kuàng

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哉

zhì

至

rén

人

xīn

心

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将

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。

luán

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lín

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不

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过

。

guī

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lǔ

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国

，

yǒu

有

fǔ

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kē

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。

guī

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qù

去

lái

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xiāo

宵

jì

济

yuè

越

hóng

洪

bō

波

。

圣达有去就，潜光愚其德。
鱼与龙同池，龙去鱼不测。
当时版筑辈，岂知傅说情。
一朝和殷羹，光气为列星。
伊尹生空桑，捐庖佐皇极。
桐宫放太甲，摄政无愧色。
三年帝道明，委质终辅翼。
旷哉至人心，万古可为则。
时命或大缪，仲尼将奈何。
鸾凤忽覆巢，麒麟不来过。
龟山蔽鲁国，有斧且无柯。
归来归去来，宵济越洪波。

标签:

咏古怀才不遇抒怀愤懑

译文注释

圣达之人或隐或显，喜欢晦光韬迹，莫辨智愚。鱼龙同池，鱼知道何时龙将飞去？当时和傅说一起打工的人，知道他日后会腾达吗？可是当他遇到殷朝武丁的赏识以后，不是成为了国家的栋梁，气冲斗牛吗？伊尹据说是生于桑树间的，来历不明，寄养在厨房师傅那里，长大以后也能辅佐殷朝啊！当太子当皇帝以后道德败坏，伊尹照样把他禁闭在铜宫中，自己毫无愧色担当起摄政的责任。三年以后，太子改邪归正，伊尹又重新立他为帝，而自己仍旧发誓担负辅翼的角色。这是件多么脍炙人口的事情，留下了万古英名。当时运太背的时候，孔夫子也是没有办法的。凤凰的巢穴也会颠覆，麒麟也不到来，喝水都塞牙。小人蒙蔽君王，就像龟山的阴影蒙蔽鲁国一样，有才无权位，能起什么作用呢？还不如归来，隐居山林，等待时机。

译文注释

南陵：唐县名，在今安徽南陵。
五松山：山名，在今安徽铜陵西北。
圣达：才智高超的人。
就：归、趋、从。
潜光：指避世。《晋书郭瑀传》：潜光九皋，怀真独远。
愚其德：有德而其貌若愚。《史记》：君子盛德，容貌若愚。
鱼与龙：鱼，喻一般人。龙，喻圣达。
傅说情：傅说操筑于傅岩，殷高宗得之，命为相，致殷中兴。
和殷羹：这是殷高宗命傅说作相之词，说他是国家极需要的人。桐宫放太甲，
摄政无愧色：伊尹将太甲放逐到桐宫，以使其悔过。桐宫，位于商汤墓附近。
则：法则、榜样。
时命或大缪：谓命运不济，生不逢时。《庄子》：时命大谬也。命，命运。缪，差错。
仲尼：孔子的字。鸾凤忽覆巢，
麒麟不来过：《孔子家语》：孔子自卫入晋，至河，闻赵简子杀窦犨鸣犊、舜华，
乃临河而叹曰：丘闻之，刳胎杀夭，麒麟不至其郊；覆巢破卵，凤皇不翔其邑。何则？君子违伤其类也。遂还，息于陬。
宵济：夜渡。

来源：

赏析

李这首长，主要以三位古代圣贤的事迹构作而成。诗人借古抒怀、以典述志，明晰地表达出诗人仕途“穷达”观，含蓄地透露出诗人晚年的悲愁幽恨。
在漫长的封建社会中，“穷则独善其身，达则兼济天下”是一般尤为仕人遵奉的信条，李白亦不例外。这首诗中以傅说和伊尹两典来写“达”。要“达”，一要仕人必须是一个人才，是池中之“龙”，要发圣贤之光，怀圣贤之德，具“佐皇极”之才能；要“达”，二要君主必须慧眼识贤才。殷高宗思贤若渴，梦得圣人，遍访天下，终于在从事筑墙劳动的努力中找到了贤相傅说；伊尹不过是商汤妻有莘氏的奴隶，又当过厨子，商汤却不嫌其地位... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李白（701－762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。汉族，祖籍陇西成纪，出生于碎叶城（当时属唐朝领土，今属吉尔吉斯斯坦），4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。李白生活在盛唐时期，二十五岁时只身出蜀，开始了广泛漫游生活，南到洞庭湘江，东至吴、越，寓居在安陆、应山。直到天宝元年（742），因道士吴筠的推荐，李白被召至长安，供奉翰林，后因不能见容于权贵，在京仅两年半，就赐金放还而去，然后飘荡四方的漫游生活。李白和杜甫并称“李杜”。他的诗歌既反映了时代的繁荣景象，也揭露了统治阶级的荒淫和腐败，表现出蔑视权贵，反抗传统束缚，追求自由和理想的积极精神。百科详情>>

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