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战城南

【作者】李白【朝代】唐

拼音

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去年战桑干源，今年战葱河道。洗兵条支海上波，
放马天山雪中草。万里长征战，三军尽衰老。
匈奴以杀戮为耕作，古来唯见白骨黄沙田。
秦家筑城避胡处，汉家还有烽火然。烽火然不息，
征战无已时。野战格斗死，败马号鸣向天悲。
乌鸢啄人肠，衔飞上挂枯树枝。士卒涂草莽，
将军空尔为。乃知兵者是凶器，圣人不得已而用之。

标签:

讽刺目的场景战争忧国忧民乐府

译文注释

去年战争发生在桑干元，今年战争发生在葱河道。曾经在条支海中洗过兵器上的污秽，也在天山草原上牧放过疲惫的战马。万里长征发生着战乱，三军将士都已疲老不堪。匈奴人以杀戮掠夺为业，古今不知有多少人战死荒漠之中，结果只是白骨黄沙。秦筑长城防御胡人的地方，汉时仍然烽火高举。烽火没有燃尽的时候，那么战争也就没有结束的时候。荒野上的战斗如此残酷，战败的马匹在战场上悲鸣，而它的主人却被乌鸦和鹰啄食，肠子都挂上枯树枝头。士卒作了无谓的牺牲，将军到头来也一无所获。从今后才知道，战争是人世间最大的凶器，圣人只有万不得已才发动战争。

译文注释

①桑干：即桑干河，在山西大同城南六十里，源出马邑县北洪涛山。
②葱河：葱河即发源于西域葱岭的河，在今新疆境内。“桑干”、“葱河”、“条支”、“天山”都是边疆地名。
③洗兵：洗去兵器上的污秽。
④放马：放牧战马。
⑤秦家筑城：《史记·秦始皇本纪》记载：“……乃使蒙恬北筑长城以守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里。”
⑥鸢（yuān）：即老鹰，属于鹰科的一种小型的鹰，常啄食腐尸烂肉。

来源：古诗文网

赏析

这首诗用的是汉代乐府诗的题目，有意学习乐府诗的传统，但比汉代那首《战城南》写得更形象，更深刻。这首诗是抨击封建统治者穷兵黩武的。萧士赟说：“开元、天宝中，上好边功，征伐无时，此诗盖以讽也。”所评颇中肯綮。“桑干”、“葱河”、“条支”、“天山”都是边疆地名。
天宝年间，唐玄宗轻动干戈，逞威边远，而又几经失败，给人民带来深重的灾难。一宗宗严酷的事实，汇聚到诗人胸中，同他忧国悯民的情怀产生激烈的矛盾。他沉思，悲愤，内心的呼喊倾泻而出，铸成这一名篇。
整首诗大体可分为三段和一个结语。第一段共八句，先从征伐的频繁和广远方面... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李白（701－762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。汉族，祖籍陇西成纪，出生于碎叶城（当时属唐朝领土，今属吉尔吉斯斯坦），4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。李白生活在盛唐时期，二十五岁时只身出蜀，开始了广泛漫游生活，南到洞庭湘江，东至吴、越，寓居在安陆、应山。直到天宝元年（742），因道士吴筠的推荐，李白被召至长安，供奉翰林，后因不能见容于权贵，在京仅两年半，就赐金放还而去，然后飘荡四方的漫游生活。李白和杜甫并称“李杜”。他的诗歌既反映了时代的繁荣景象，也揭露了统治阶级的荒淫和腐败，表现出蔑视权贵，反抗传统束缚，追求自由和理想的积极精神。百科详情>>

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