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wú

吾

gào

告

，

gǎn

敢

wèn

问

hé

何

wèi

谓

yě

也

”

zhòng

仲

ní

尼

yuē

曰

“

shàn

善

yóu

游

zhě

者

shù

数

néng

能

，

wàng

忘

shuǐ

水

yě

也

。

ruò

若

nǎi

乃

fū

夫

méi

没

rén

人

zhī

之

wèi

未

cháng

尝

jiàn

见

ér

而

cāo

操

zhī

之

yě

也

，

bǐ

彼

shì

视

yuān

渊

ruò

若

líng

陵

，

shì

视

zhōu

舟

zhī

之

fù

覆

yóu

犹

qí

其

chē

车

què

却

yě

也

。

fù

覆

què

却

wàn

万

fāng

方

chén

陈

hū

乎

qián

前

ér

而

bù

不

dé

得

rù

入

qí

其

shě

舍

，

恶

wǎng

往

ér

而

bù

不

xiá

暇

？

yǐ

以

wǎ

瓦

zhù

注

zhě

者

qiǎo

巧

，

yǐ

以

gōu

钩

zhù

注

zhě

者

dàn

惮

，

yǐ

以

huáng

黄

jīn

金

zhù

注

zhě

者

hūn

殙

。

qí

其

qiǎo

巧

yī

一

yě

也

，

ér

而

yǒu

有

suǒ

所

jīn

矜

，

zé

则

zhòng

重

wài

外

yě

也

。

fán

凡

wài

外

zhòng

重

zhě

者

nèi

内

zhuō

拙

”

颜渊问仲尼曰：“吾尝济乎觞深之渊，津人操舟若神。
吾问焉，曰：‘操舟可学邪？’曰：‘可。
善游者数能，若乃夫没人，则未尝见舟而操之也。
’吾问焉而不吾告，敢问何谓也？” 　　仲尼曰：“善游者数能，忘水也。
若乃夫没人之未尝见而操之也，彼视渊若陵，视舟之覆犹其车却也。
覆却万方陈乎前而不得入其舍，恶往而不暇？以瓦注者巧，以钩注者惮，以黄金注者殙。
其巧一也，而有所矜，则重外也。
凡外重者内拙。
”

译文注释

颜渊（或称颜回）问仲尼（孔子）道：我有一次渡名叫觞深的深潭，船夫操纵船象神一样。我问他，说：驾船可以学（会）吗？（他）说：可以。擅长游泳的人反复学习几次就会了，如果是会能潜水的人，那么还没见到船就会驾船了。我（再追）问为什么（他）却不告诉我了，请问这是为什么呢？仲尼说：擅长游泳的人反复学习几次就会了，是因为（他）忘记了水（不当回事）。如果是会潜水的人那么还没见到船就会驾船，（那是）因为他把深渊当成是座山，把翻船当成是车子倒退。各种翻船倒退摆在他面前而不放在心上，哪有无论怎样他都好整以暇的呢？用瓦片做赌注的一定轻松，用衣带钩（银子打造的）做赌注的会有所忌惮，用金子做赌注的一定神思昏乱。轻松就能专心一志，而有所顾忌，就会分心注意其它的事。凡是分心他顾的人思维必然迟钝。

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