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咏田家 / 伤田家

【作者】聂夷中【朝代】唐

拼音

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èr

二

yuè

月

mài

卖

xīn

新

sī

丝

，

wǔ

五

yuè

月

tiào

粜

xīn

新

gǔ

谷

。

yī

医

dé

得

yǎn

眼

qián

前

chuāng

疮

，

wān

剜

què

却

xīn

心

tóu

头

ròu

肉

。

wǒ

我

yuàn

愿

jūn

君

wáng

王

xīn

心

，

huà

化

zuò

作

guāng

光

míng

明

zhú

烛

。

bù

不

zhào

照

qǐ

绮

luó

罗

yán

筵

，

zhǐ

只

zhào

照

táo

逃

wáng

亡

wū

屋

。

二月卖新丝，五月粜新谷。
医得眼前疮，剜却心头肉。
我愿君王心，化作光明烛。
不照绮罗筵，只照逃亡屋。

标签:

情感人物农民同情

译文注释

二月还未开始养蚕，就已成为抵债之物；五月谷未成熟，新谷已忍痛卖出。这是用刀挖掉心头好肉，来补眼前烂疮。希望帝王之心，化作光明的烛火。不照那豪华筵席，只照灾民空屋。

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赏析

《咏田家》是聂夷中的代表作，也是晚唐歌创作中的艺术佳品。诗中运用形象生动的比喻和鲜明对比的表现手法，愤怒地控诉了形形色色的高利贷给唐末农民所带来的深重苦难，表达了诗人对广大农民的深厚同情。此诗问世后，深受唐末统治者重视。据《资治通鉴》卷载，宰相冯道向后唐皇帝李嗣源述说农民痛苦之时，就在朝堂上诵读了这首诗。
诗的前四句为第一层，主要描写残酷的高利贷剥削给广大农民所带来的剜心割肉般的痛楚。“二月卖新丝，五月粜新谷”，写出了农民在青黄不接之时被迫借贷的悲惨境地。二月还未着手养蚕，五月稻子尚处青苗期，然而，贫苦的农民迫于生计，为... 古诗文网>>

作者极力描写田家生活的穷困，寅吃卯粮，痛苦万分，借以讽刺当政者不知民间疾苦。
唐末广大农村破产，农民遭受的剥削更加惨重，至于颠沛流离，无以生存。在这样的严酷背景上，产生了可与李绅《悯农》二首前后辉映的聂夷中《伤田家》。有人甚至将此诗与柳宗元《捕蛇者说》并论，以为「言简意足，可匹柳文」（《唐诗别裁集》）。
开篇就揭露封建社会农村一种典型「怪」事：二月蚕种始生，五月秧苗始插，哪有丝卖？哪有谷粜（出卖粮食）？居然「二月卖新丝，五月粜新谷」。这乃是「卖青」──将尚未产出的农产品预先贱价抵押。正用血汗喂养、栽培的东西，是一... 诗词名句网>>

作者介绍

聂夷中，字坦之，河东人，一说为河南人。咸通十二年(871)登第，官华阴尉。到任时，除琴书外，身无余物。其诗语言朴实，辞浅意哀。不少诗作对封建统治阶级对人民的残酷剥削进行了深刻揭露，对广大田家农户的疾苦则寄予极为深切的同情。代表作有《咏田家》、《田家二首》、《短歌》、《早发邺北经古城》、《杂怨》等，其中以《咏田家》和《田家二首》（其一）流传最广（《田家二首》（其二）后人多认定为李绅的作品，故不提）。百科详情>>

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