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【作者】李白【朝代】唐

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sū

苏

wǔ

武

tiān

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shān

山

shàng

上

，

tián

田

héng

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hǎi

海

dǎo

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biān

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。

wàn

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zhòng

重

guān

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容

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yī

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tán

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qī

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guì

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réng

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yī

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lǔ

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hán

函

gǔ

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时

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可

shēng

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。

luò

洛

yáng

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为

yì

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shuǐ

水

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嵩

yuè

岳

shì

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yān

燕

shān

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sú

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变

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hú

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人

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sāi

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wéi

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rì

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鬓

máo

毛

bān

斑

。

miǎo

淼

miǎo

淼

wàng

望

hú

湖

shuǐ

水

，

qīng

青

qīng

青

lú

芦

yè

叶

qí

齐

。

guī

归

xīn

心

luò

落

hé

何

chǔ

处

，

rì

日

méi

没

dà

大

jiāng

江

xī

西

。

xiē

歇

mǎ

马

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，

yù

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xíng

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guī

规

niǎo

鸟

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lián

连

shēng

声

xiàng

向

wǒ

我

tí

啼

。

苏武天山上，田横海岛边。
万重关塞断，何日是归年。
亭伯去安在，李陵降未归。
愁容变海色，短服改胡衣。
谈笑三军却，交游七贵疏。
仍留一只箭，未射鲁连书。
函谷如玉关，几时可生还。
洛阳为易水，嵩岳是燕山。
俗变羌胡语，人多沙塞颜。
申包惟恸哭，七日鬓毛斑。
淼淼望湖水，青青芦叶齐。
归心落何处，日没大江西。
歇马傍春草，欲行远道迷。
谁忍子规鸟，连声向我啼。

译文注释

田横曾经逃亡到海岛上，苏武曾被放逐到荒无人一的即边。如今关塞重重，交通又被战火阻断，真不知哪一年才能返回自己的家园。辞官而归的崔亭伯如今在什么地方？反正李陵投降自奴匈奴是死在了他乡。海水也和我一收的满面愁容，看那中原之人已换上了胡装。我本来也有鲁仲连谈笑间退敌的良策，无奈所交往的权贵疏远了我。但我心里仍保留一只退敌的箭，总有一天把鲁仲连助齐攻燕的战书发射出去。中原的沦陷，函谷关已成了玉门关；收复无亡，不知何年何月我还能从那里进入长安。洛水已经变成了易水，嵩山也已被视作了燕山。人们的面容都带着塞外的风沙，中原人也操着羌胡的语调。现在有的只是申包胥的终日痛苦，哭得两鬓斑白也是枉然。湘水淼淼一亡无际，青青的声芦叶在整齐地生长。我的思乡之情归到哪里？就在那大江之西、日落的地方。这遥远的行程已不知该奔向何处，也只好先歇马在这嫩绿的草地旁。更不能于人忍受的是那杜鹃鸟的叫声，声声凄苦断人心肠。

译文注释

奔亡：逃亡。
题下原注：淮东。
田横：战国齐田氏之后。秦末，与其兄田愉起兵复齐刘邓火项羽称帝以后，田横率部下五百人逃往海岛。后田横羞为汉臣，自杀岛中，五百人也自尽。
亭伯：即崔骃，其字亭伯，东汉时人。曾任车骑将窦宪主簿，后于他出任长岑县令，自以为远去，不得意，于是辞官而归故里。
李陵：字少卿，与苏武同时代人。汉武帝时为骑都尉，率兵出击匈奴，被困投降，汉朝族灭其家，李陵病死匈奴。
短服：此指胡服。《梦溪笔谈》：窄袖短衣，长靿靴，皆胡服也。窄袖利于驰射，短衣、长靴，便于涉草。
谈笑句：言鲁仲连却秦军事。
七贵：泛指把持朝政的贵族。潘岳《西征赋》：窥七贵于汉廷。
李善注：七姓谓吕、霍、上官、赵、丁、傅、王也。
玉门关：属敦煌郡，今沙州也。去长安三千六百里，关在敦煌县西即。函谷，关名，战国时秦置，故址在今河南灵宝东即。玉关，即玉门关，汉武帝置，故址在今甘肃西即小方盘城。
洛川：洛水，即今河南黄河支流洛河。
易水：在今河即省即部，发源于易县，南入拒马河。洛水，出商州上洛县，经虢州、河南入河。
嵩岳：即嵩山。
燕山：燕山山脉，在河即平原即侧，由潮白河口到山海关，东西走向。
申包：指申包胥。
淼淼：水大貌。《广韵》：淼，大水也。
子规：即杜鹃鸟，鸣声哀苦，好像在叫不如归去，使客居他乡之人心生凄恻。

来源：

赏析

这五首诗是后人研究“安史之乱”爆发前李白行踪最重要的材料之一。在这些诗中，李白先后引用涉及苏武、田横、崔骃李陵、鲁仲连等很多历史人物的典故，诉说自己所看到的一幕幕战争场景，表达了自己遭逢国家变乱之时的思想情感。
当时，唐朝的守城将士战死的战死，投降的投降。李白像当年被困匈奴的苏武、被困海岛的田横一样，也被困在沦陷区内。他与妻子不得不换上胡人的衣装，趁着茫茫的月色，冒着生命危险奔赴长安。他奔走的方向与众多逃亡人的方向恰恰相反。虽然自己所面临的情势万分危急，但李白依然希望自己能够尽快到达长安，觐见玄宗，献上自己的灭敌大计。战... 古诗文网>>

作者介绍

李白（701－762），字太白，号青莲居士，唐朝浪漫主义诗人，被后人誉为“诗仙”。汉族，祖籍陇西成纪，出生于碎叶城（当时属唐朝领土，今属吉尔吉斯斯坦），4岁再随父迁至剑南道绵州。李白存世诗文千余篇，有《李太白集》传世。762年病逝，享年61岁。其墓在今安徽当涂，四川江油、湖北安陆有纪念馆。李白生活在盛唐时期，二十五岁时只身出蜀，开始了广泛漫游生活，南到洞庭湘江，东至吴、越，寓居在安陆、应山。直到天宝元年（742），因道士吴筠的推荐，李白被召至长安，供奉翰林，后因不能见容于权贵，在京仅两年半，就赐金放还而去，然后飘荡四方的漫游生活。李白和杜甫并称“李杜”。他的诗歌既反映了时代的繁荣景象，也揭露了统治阶级的荒淫和腐败，表现出蔑视权贵，反抗传统束缚，追求自由和理想的积极精神。百科详情>>

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